Steam-generator.



PATENTED MAY 21, 1907.

z SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W. S. JOHNSON. STEAM GENERATOR. ABPLIGATIor FILED AUG.

WARREN s. JoHNsoN., or ilnLwAUKEE, wisooNsiN.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

QT@ (all whom, t may concern:

Be 4it-kno-wn that I, WARREN S. JoHNsoN,

l a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new 4 and useful Improvements in Steam- Generators, of which the following is a speci fication.

My present invention relates to devices for generating steamfor power purposes, and pertains more particularly lto appliancesfor supplying water for the generation of steam and the regulation of the fire which heats the water, both of which are governed in such a manner that the amount of water furnished shall be just sullicient for the strength of the iire. Y

My invention is particularly applicable to the generation of steam for automobiles when liquid fuel is used. 1

In the accompanying drawings: Figure l is a side elevation of the'apparatus, the gen, erator being shown in section and portions Aof the boiler-casing being broken away; Fig.l2 a longitudinal vertical sectional view of the boiler and the controlling valves therefor by which the amount of'water 'which passes into the boiler may be regulated and determined;

and Fig. 3 a horizontal sectional view, taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. l, portions being broken away to more clearly. show the parts which lie below the burner.

The object of the invention is to provide means for maintaining a givenv or stated den gree of pressure at all times at the outlet of the boiler or generator. This object is attained lby automatically regulating the 'amount of heat applied to the generator and also by regulating the quantity of water and the time at which the water may be introduced into the boiler or generator.

In' the drawings A designates a steam generator of the flash or semi-flash type which by preference I employ in connection with the present invention, though any other form of generator may baused. Said generator is composed of a number of coils connected in series so as to form a continuous passage for the water and steam therethrough from the water-inlet B to the steam outlet C. Trias.- much as the boiler forms no part of the pres- 'ent invention, it is not herein shown i'n detail.

Specification of Letters Patent.

App/limti'led August 16, 1905. Serial No. 274.389.

' casing of the boiler.

vrammed May 21, i907.

The boiler is surrounded "by a shell or casing D, provided with a fille E.

F denotes a pipe leading from the source of liquid fuel, the fuel passing into said pipe un' der a pressure of, say for instance, pounds `per square inch.V Pipe F communicates with a second pipe G through a governor H, said governor being so arranged as to cut off or materially reduce the communication between the pipes F and G when the pressure within the boiler reaches a` predetermined maximum, say, a pressure of 225 pounds.

The governor is connecteclwith the steamspace of the boiler by la pipe I, a pressuregage J also communicating with the pipe. The governor is adjustable, and by observing the gage J the governor may be set to prevent the flow of fuel at any desired steam .Any form of governor may be employed and as the construction ofthe governor forms no part of the present invention it is no herein shown in detail.

The pipe G is connected to a iianged coup# ling K, which in turn is bolted to the flanged end L of. a retortor chamber M, the inner end of which is closed by a removable plug N.

A pipe O is secured to the inner face of the flanged coupling member li and extends inwardly through the retort M to a point adjacent to the plug N.- The liquid fuel which passes from the pipe G must traverse pipe O before it can be discharged into the retort M,

and in passing through said pipe vit becomes heated and partially vaporized. The fuel is, therefore, in condition to be completely vaporized or gasiiied by the retort M as it leaves the end of the .pipe O, whereas, if the fuel used were a heavy hydrocarbon it would be decomposed if it came in Contact with the f retort M in acold state.

The vaporized fuel passes' from the retort M. through a pipe or lateral extension P, `lo cated at one end of the retort outside of the Said pipe carries a nozzle Q which stands in alinenient with an airmixing pipe or chamber R, the inner end of which is in communication with a manifold S. The manifold has connected to it and extending outward from each side thereof a series of perforated pipes T, the outer' ends of .which are connected to manifolds U. This burner underlies the retort andwhen once IOO lighted serves to vaporize the inet which passes therethrough under pressure.

vThe gas which 'passes from the nozzle Q vwill, of course,` entrain theproper amount of t the seen that the burner is ,automatically regulated and that when the steam pressure fgthe supplyof fuel w1 l.Wit/.hin the .boiler ap roximates 225 pounds be materiallyreduced.

- --V Vhen the vpressure reaches the maximum foint fuel will be entirely -cut oif, so that the:

l' pilot burner` may be employed, as is u sual in 'apparatus of the kind referred to herein.

urther generation of steamwillbe prevented'. To s tartthe burner .a torch isa pliedto| 4the pipe' l? -and'the fuel then turne on, or a .Water, as required, is fedinto the-boilerby.

ajpumppthe .flow of the water to the boiler and the amount which may passtherein, be-

ing controlled by the pressure of the yfuel .whichenter's the burner, and inasmuch as the y l, pressure of the i'uel is directly regulated by I l prevented.

.thepressure within the boiler, .water will :be v

1 fed into the boiler at's'uch times only as it lmay be required. In other/words, .the mechanism .is-such that iooding of ythe boiler is V denotes the pipe leadinfr'from' the water tank or other source of suppllv'the pipe connecting with a Vpipe-W, 'w ich in turn is connected toa p'umpfhead 'X` below the inlet valvef Y thereof.,v A. second' valve, Z, isA

`mounted in th'e pumphead,the two vvalves Y and Z acting in conjunction with a piston AA to draw the water from the pipe V and shell Aor casing communicating throu h a pipe yforce Ait from the pump-head into a pipe B which -is connected to the pump-head at o ne endf The oppositeend of -sald pipe 1% is connected toa by-pass' shell-oncasing C,;said

D 'and an adjustable valve E with t e lWater inlet B of the generator. A pipelwcornnmnicates with the lower portion of the by'-pass shell o r vcasing C and also with the pipes V andW. A- by-pass valvefG is mounted inthe shell or casing Cand serves, undercer- 4tain conditions, to close the passage through said casing from the pipes' B to .The valve is carried upon a stem H which works through a stuflng-box I', the lower end -of the stem bein :connected to a Adiaphragm J" which forms .the movable member .of-a fluidpressure motor K". A spring Lsurrounds the stem and serves to move'the diaphragm downwardly and thereby to Withdraw the b yp ss valve G from its 4seat when the motor is relieved of pressure from' within.

The chamber of the motor K is in commu-4 eeel nication with the source of fluid supply .at a pomt between the governor H and the burner,

through a pipe M, and by reason of such con'- nection the diaphragm isl at all times subject to the pressure of the fue] which passes into the generator of the burner. .So long as the pressure of the yfue'l is sufficient to overcome the action ofthe s ring L( (which latter is l 'l .quite light) the va ve G will be held to its seat, and the yby-pas'sV between pipes B and F will'rernain closed` \A second by-pass N connects the and`W, an 'adju-stable by-pass valve O being i pipes B mounted in said passage .and serving vnormally to keep'the passage closed. The valve 8o l is providedwithastem P which extends outl I wardlywthroughfa nut Q, the inner end of whichbears against one end of' a coiled spring- R,th`at encircles the stem and hears at its opposite end against the valve O. jBy adjusting the nutthe tisionof the spring may -bevaried andthe valve thus held toits seat 'In practicevalveE is adjusted v"so as to afford a certain restricted opening, .whichf .will allow the 'passage of the proper amount and preve'nts leakage there:

ent. description, lie-assumed to be'300 pounds of .water when itis being -forced therethrough at agiven pressure bythepump, the regula# tion of the valve being such' that the amount ofwater which can enter the generator during a gwen/period is exactly that which the ire can evaporate inra given'tirne.

lows: Assuming that the yproper quantity of water has been fed into the generator, a

roo

The operationof the. app aratus1s as lfollsmall amount of fuel is allowed to enter the retort M andthe pipe P is then primed. The l vaporized fuel'issues" from the nozzle under pressure andjpassing through the mixing ipe R, w1ll issue from the burner, Where it is ighted. The fuelis then turnedon andby l the action of the burner 'will continueto be va orized. he-flowjof fuel willi continue vuntil the .I

steam p ressure approximates 225 pounds, at' lwhich time the governor H comes into action,

it serving to reduce or entirely cutoH-the supply when the maximum pressure is 'reached.4 As llong as the fuel pressure is maintained in p'i es G and M the diaphragmVA i' l of the motor the by-pass Nalve G will be closed; but'as will remain elevated and the pressure is lowered or cut off by the'factionof the governorH the diaphragm will ,move downwardly and withdraw valve G from its seat,"thereby opening the by-pass C. and allowing'the water, to circulate backto the pump-piston and thus preventing be` 'f i ing forced through the restricted opening' is lowered in consequence of the rise in steam pressure in the generator.

It is necessary that-even when the water is entering the generator' a definite amount should be supplied, as otherwise the gener,- ator will receive too small or too large a quantity thereof. To provide for the passage of the proper supply of water, I adjust the valve E to such a point that the amount of water i which can enter the generator is exactly that 'which the fire can evaporate. l plish this proper feeding through. the re- To accom stricted opening, itis essential that-the governor H should be set to'operate at a pressure less than that at which the by-pass valve or water-pressure controlling valveO is set7 as, in the presentinstance,y at 225 pounds and 300 pounds;'respectively, which gives a consta-nt difference of pressure of 75 pounds per square inch. This difference will permit the pump to force as much water through the restricted opening (formed by valve Ef) into the .generator in` a given time' as` would pass through the same sized opening in the same time at 75 phere. j

With a burner adjusted to evaporate ten pounds of water per minute the valve E is so adjustedas to allow just ten pounds to pass into the gener'ator in that period of time. As a consequence, there can be no fiooding of the boiler, a serious matter in ay boiler ofthe flash type, and particularly so in those in which the water is fed 'into the uppermost portionand prevented from gravitatingf'to the lowermost portion or'coils from which the s'uperheated steam is withdrawn for use.

Vith the fuel supply regulated according to the demands of the generator, the by-pass vvalve G/ opening and closing in response to the raising :and lowering of the fuel pressure 'in the gas generator, and the water pressure controlling valve ,regulated to control the tween the pump and thevgenerator; so, tool,

action of the pump it is evident that the generator will give a constant steam supply at an approximately7 constant pressure and temperature. j f

IrVhile I 'have set forth many of th'eportions of the apparatus in detail it is evident that they can be modified without departing' from the spirit ofthe inventionf- For in.-

vstance; any means maybe employedyfor se.vnv

curing an adjustable restricted openingjbe any form of motor may be employed forl actuating the by-pass valve Gf in response to the rise and fall of pressure 'within the fluid supply pipe.

Icl'aimisz`l Y.

l. In combination'with a steam generator;

Havin thus described my invention, what` a burner; a source of liquid fuel. .under pres-fv pounds pressure to'the atmos sure leading to the burner; a governor for controlling the passage ofthe fuel to the burner, said governor being-actuated by the pressure within the generator; a pump for forcing water into the generator; a Huid-pressure motor in communication with the fuel supply at a point between the governor and the burner; and a by-pass valve for the pump actuated by said motor.

2. In combination with a-steamgenerator; aburner controllable by the steam pressure within the generator; means for controlling the supply of water tothe generator; and controlling means for said supplying means, said controlling means being under thedirect influence of the pressure of the fuel passing to the burner. a

3. In combinatipn-with a steam generator; a 'jwater supply' communicating therewith through a restricted opening; a `pump for forcing water through said opening; an adjustable relief valve; and a by-pass valve for the pump responsive to and actuated indirectly by variationsin .the generator pressure. f

4. In combination with a steam generator; a water supply i communicating therewith through a restricted opening; a pump for forcing water therethrough; an adjustable relief valve for the pump; a b -pass valve for the pump; a fluid motor fo actuating said motor andthe source of fuel supply.

5. In combination-with a steam generator;

a burner; a source of fuel supply connected to said burner and adapted to deliver the fuel .thereto under pressure; a governor interposed in the connection between the burner andsource of fuel supply and serving to cut 0H the supply when the pressure withinthe generator has reached a predetermined point a connection between said generator and the governor; a wateninlet to the generator, said inlet being provided 'with an adjustable re- -stricted' opening; a pump; a by-pass valve for said pump; a fluid-pressure motor serving to actuate said valve; connections between said motor and the source of'fuel supply, said con- IOO nections being made at a pointbetween the governor and the burner; and-an adjustable relief valve for the pump.`

6.1111'v combination with a steam generator; a burner; a pipe connected to said burner and adapted to deliver fuel thereto under preszsure; a governor controlling the passage' of fuel through said pipe; connections between .said governor and the steam-space of the boiler; a pump adapted and designed todeliver water to the generator through an adjustable, restricted open-ing; a by-pass valve foi-.the pump; aA fluid-pressure motor connected to said valve; connections between said motor and the pipe for supplying fuel to the burner, said connections being made at a point between the burnerfand the governor;

A"Water throgh ,thejres'tricted openlng.

'hiel passing to theburnerfor' regiating the sure to be exerted by the pump' in orelng the `amount of Water Whiehrnay be forced lthrough the restricted opening.

end mensfor regulatinghtbe degree'ofpresf 7. In combinationl with a steam generator; a burner acting primarily upon thesteamname to this spec'i'cation in the presence of containing coils of the generator, said burner l two subseribingfwitnesses. being controlled by the steam-pressure With i n in the generator; means for forcing Water l* VABEN S' JOHN-SON' into the ,upperportion .of tbe generator `Witnessesz ,I 'through an adjustable restrictedLx'apenirgmn -W. C. BREEST,

and means controlled by the pressure ofthe' I C. A; LoEW.

In testimony-whereof have signedmy 15 t 

